During this project it was first shown that it was possible for archaeologists to work. A selection of amphorae recovered from the dokos shipwreck, perhaps the oldest wreck discovered, but which from none of the ship was recovered. The lone tenon fragment recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site. Bass and his divers found brushwood used as dunnagepacking materialon the gelidonya and uluburun ships. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation site. Chelidonium promontorium, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus mountains, located on the southern coast of anatolia between the gulf of antalya and the bay of finike. A brief history of underwater enterprise and exploration part ii. Researchers camped on the narrow, flyinfested beach at right. The bronze age ship at cape gelidonya probably hit a barelysubmerged rock pinnacle near the island, then drifted to the north and west before finally sinking. The bronze age shipwrecks at uluburun and cape gelidonya are the basis of a theory that it wasnt just the mycenaeans who plied the mediterraneans waters.
Unlike the uluburun ship, the gelidonya ship was carrying a cargo of raw materials, together with a magnificent collection of metalworking tools, all to be put to practical use. Finally, in 1960, george bass, a graduate student at the university of pennsylvania and professional archaeologist, travelled to the south coast of turkey to excavate a bronze age shipwreck at cape gelidonya under the aegis of the university of pennsylvania museum. Pdf files of the drawings below are available in the ina archives. Its important cargo comprised a number of copper and tin ingots alongside a huge quantity of scrap bonze tools and weapons that appear to have made up the main cargo. With the collaboration of peter throckmorton, joan du plat taylor, j. A selection of the broken bronze tools recovered at the cape gelidonya wreck site. George bass center left and peter throckmorton center right discuss the layout of the cape gelidonya wreck site. Uluburun, one of the oldest and wealthiest shipwrecks ever. Scuba divers discover priceless gold coins in israel. Ada from 1961 onward, developing the mapping of wrecks photogrammetrically with stereophotographs and using a twoman submarine. Using these methods, the cape gelidonya wreck became the first shipwreck to be entirely excavated on the seafloor.
Scarabs and seals from the cape gelidonya shipwreck these three scarabs and the scarabshaped plaque inscribed on both faces on the right from the wreck seem to have been manufactured on the syro palestinian coast rather than in egypt. This list of shipwrecks is of those sunken ships whose remains have been found aarhus historic shipwreck. Jul 16, 2019 cape gelidonya shipwreck pdf cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. A pile of copper oxhide ingots recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site. This wreck was not only to change the way archaeologists conducted research underwater but was also to expand our understanding of late. The cape gelidonya shipwreck lies at the western side of the mouth of the antalya bay in southern turkey. The current between these islands, especially when. The late bronze age shipwrecks of uluburun and cape. Controversy has surrounded the identification of the home port of the ship wrecked off cape gelidonya, turkey. Courtesy of the institute of nautical archaeology cape gelidonya the excavation of a late bronze age lba cargo vessel off southern turkeys cape gelidonya in 1960 was the worlds first scientific underwater dig. Maritime archaeology noaa office of national marine sanctuaries. It was not until 1960 that maritime archaeology became a science. The area around cape gelidonya is extremely treacherous and was known in ancient times as being especially dangerous. Excavation of the uluburun shipwreck near kas in southern turkey has yielded one of the largest and richest assemblages of bronze age trade goods and raw materials ever found.
The place of cape gelidonya shipwreck in the history of underwater archaeology as the first ancient wreck excavated in it s entirety on the seabed. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. As this was the first shipwreck to be completely excavated by diving archaeologists, this excavation became a milestone in the development of nautical archaeology as a new discipline pulak 1998. The excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with. Within the following fortysome years that importance has escalated dramatically. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation. The southeast end of the wreck, most probably its stern, held what may be considered personal possessions of crew andor passengers, as opposed to the mostly cypriot cargo and the shipboard mixture of mycenaean, cypriot, and syrian pottery.
The cape gelidonya shipwreck suggests new possibilities. Desirable objects and materials recovered from the uluburun shipwreck. For decades, scholars had puzzled over a reference in homer to brushwood. Dunn 2 the uluburun shipwreck was discovered in 1982 by sponge divers off the coast of ka and was subsequently excavated from 1984 1994 by george bass and c emal pulak. When george bass put out his final publication of the cape gelidonya shipwreck, in 1967, he was already very much aware of the special importance of the curious oxhideshaped ingots included in the cargo of the wreck. Sc1 showing the god re beneath two sundisks, the insignia of divinity, and holding a serpent. Ada from 1961 onward, developing the mapping of wrecks. The southeast end of the wreck, most probably its stern, held what may be considered personal possessions of crew andor passengers, as opposed to the mostly cypriot cargo and the shipboard mixture of. Aug 12, 2014 the uluburun is a 3,300yearold shipwreck discovered off the coast of uluburun grand cape, near kas in southwestern turkey. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles each month for free. Plates 83 just off cape gelidonya, in southwest turkey, is a row of five tiny islands. Introduction to nautical archaeology notes cape gelidonya. Transactions of the american philosophical society new series volume 57, part 8 bass, george f, et al.
Late bronze age trade in the eastern mediterranean. The cape gelidonya shipwreck and the bronze age metals trade in. Half of a tenon survived from the hull of the cape gelidonya shipwreck dated to c. A late bronze age shipwreck at kas, turkey article in international journal of nautical archaeology 4. A cursory examination of the hull remains documented in the cape gelidonya ship wreck publication reveals that that ship, too, was constructed in this fashion, but with somewhat smaller mortiseand tenon joints bass, 1967.
On the left side of this room are artefacts gathered by the first scientific shipwreck excavation in the world, at cape gelidonya. Media in category lighthouse of cape gelidonya the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. The artifacts were recovered, but for the most part the shipwrecks themselves were ignored. A fullyfunctioning ecosystem which keeps invasive species in check will generate sustainable benefits for local people and increase resilience to climate change. A late bronze age shipwreck at kas, turkey request pdf. Cape gelidonya, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the. Archaeologists george bass left and peter throckmorton examine wooden hull fragments from the cape gelidonya shipwreck. Cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. The cape gelidonya shipwreck and the bronze age metals. Just off cape gelidonya, on the southwest coast of turkey, lies a row of five tiny islands, little more than rocky peaks on the sea and dots on a map.
The shipwreck excavated off cape gelidonya, turkey, by a university. Media in category cape gelidonya the following 3 files are in this category, out of 3 total. A general illustration of the way in which pegged mortiseandtenon joints were used on ancient ships. Cape gelidonya adrasan, antalya, turkey local business.
Maritime archaeology noaa office of national marine. Museum expedition under the direction of george bass, has become a focal point in the. The ineffective canaanite deity recovered from the uluburun wreck. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation site report. Cape gelidonya shipwreck pdf cape gelidonya formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus. List of shipwrecks simple english wikipedia, the free.
Drawer hg, college station, texas 7784157, usa note the purpose of this report is to provide an overview of the uluburun shipwreck for the readers of ijna. The 19841994 excavation of the shipwreck, under the auspices of the. Cape gelidonya shipwreck bachhuber major reference works. Shulman and hansgunter buchholz transactions of the american philosophical society. Abstract the excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise. Bass underwater archaeology papers span the underwater expeditions conducted by bass in greece, turkey and italy between 1959 and 1973, and also include his creation of the underwater archaeology newsletter, the publishing of his expedition findings, and the founding of the american institute of nautical archaelogy. Admiralty chart no 237 karamania chart ii from cape khelidonia to cape karaboornoo by francis beaufort f. It too is located on the southcentral coast of turkey, roughly 50 miles west of cape gelidonya, just a short distance east of another important cape. The interpretive significance of the cape gelidonya shipwreck when it was published in 1967 distribution of exported aegean ceramics 14001200 bce before cape gelidonya it was widely believed that the minoans and mycenaeans were the dominant traders in the late bronze age eastern mediterranean minos is the earliest of those. Oclcs webjunction has pulled together information and resources to assist library staff as they consider how to handle coronavirus. The shipwreck they uncover reveals secrets that will rewrite history and reshape the face of archaeology as we know it today.
At cape gelidonya in 1960, bass first demonstrated the archaeologists could excavate a shipwreck with the same scientific rigor as their counterparts working on land. Just inside the entry, finds from the cape gelidonya the late th century bc and seytan deresi the16th century b. Underwater surveying and draughtinga technique antiquity. The late bronze age shipwreck at cape gelidonya was the earliest shipwreck ever discovered. It too is located on the southcentral coast of turkey, roughly 50 miles west of cape gelidonya, just a short distance east of another important cape called ulu burun, near the town of kas. This wreck rested upon bedrock, which was unfortunate from an archaeological point of view as there was no protective covering of sand to preserve the wooden hull. This was the first excavation where the supervising archaeologist both dove and excavated. The interpretive significance of the cape gelidonya shipwreck when it was published in 1967 distribution of exported aegean ceramics 14001200 bce before cape gelidonya it was widely believed that the minoans and mycenaeans were the dominant traders in the late bronze age eastern mediterranean x cape gelidonya. Cape gelidonya, was the chelidonian promontory of pliny in lycia. Cape gelidonya shipwreck bachhuber major reference. In an attempt to contribute further information pertinent to the solution of this problem, samples for metallurgical study were taken from eight of the copper ingots that were carried on the ship.
More importantly, this was also the first time where proven land archaeological techniques were adapted for the underwater environment. Around 1200 bc, a vessel of unknown size seems to have ripped open its. The excavation of a late bronze age shipwreck, reported lying near cape gelidonya by peter throckmorton, has been discussed more fully elsewhere. Underwater archaeology and then discovered the oldest shipwreck ever recorded, at cape gelidonya a bronze age shipwreck of the 14th century bce. The research project that introduced control and discipline to shipwreck archaeology in the mediterranean is that of george bass at cape gelidonya, turkey bass 1966, 1967, 1975. Ship wrecks ceased being simply targets for casual looting by holidaying scuba divers and became archaeological phenomena, precious documents of the human past. The cape is the site of a late bronze age shipwreck c. Bass plates 8390 just off cape gelidonya, in southwest turkey, is a row of five tiny islands, the bes adalar group pl.
The current between these islands, especially when a calm allows water backed up in the eastern mediterranean by the summers prevailing northwest wind to flow back westward, is as strong as any in the mediterranean. It is among the oldest ships ever discovered and contained one of the wealthiest and largest known assemblages of late bronze age items found in the mediterranean. Pdf the cape gelidonya shipwreck scarabs reconsidered. As we will see this wreck probably dates to the end of the 14th century bc. The remains of the ship sat at a depth of about 27 m, on irregular rocky bottom. Cape gelidonya late bronze age shipwreck excavation drawings. Oct 27, 2015 the lone tenon fragment recovered from the cape gelidonya wreck site. Sometime during the fourteenth or thirteenth century b. Oct 26, 2012 the excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise methodology.
Bass underwater archaeology papers span the underwater expeditions conducted by bass in greece, turkey and italy between 1959 and 1973, and also include his creation of the underwater. That summer, george bass was invited by the turkish government to lead an excavation on what became known as the cape gelidonya wreck. Chelidonium promontorium, formerly kilidonia or killidonia is a cape or headland on the teke peninsula in the chain of taurus mountains, located on the southern coast of anatolia between the gulf of antalya and the bay of finike during the classical greek and hellenistic eras, it. George bass of the university of pennsylvania worked on a byzantine wreck at yass. Analyses of finds from the cape gelidonya shipwreck had allowed george bass to hypothesize about the central role of near eastern seafarers in late bronze age trade in the mediterranean. Reliable information about the coronavirus covid19 is available from the world health organization current situation, international travel. Ada and then discovered the oldest shipwreck ever recorded, at cape gelidonya a bronze age shipwreck of the 14th century bce. T he researchers determine that what they had found was a late bronze age shipwreck, similar to the cape gelidonya ship wreck excavated in the 1960s. With a personal account, you can read up to 100 articles. The excavation of the underwater site of cape gelidonya was the first shipwreck excavation undertaken with regular, precise methodology. Cape gelidonya shipwreck belong to late bronze age was found near finike on the south coast of.
The international journal of nautical archaeology i 998 27. Like cape gelidonya, this is another late bronze age shipwreck. The late bronze age shipwrecks of uluburun and cape gelidonya. Archaeologists found ingots in the uluburun and cape gelidonya shipwrecks pulak 1998. The cape gelidonya shipwreck scarabs reconsidered baruch brandl introduction ry has, however, been adopted from schulmans 1967.
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